If you want to match the welding material with the base material, how to choose welding material to weld 304 stainless steel?
Welding 304 Stainless Steel
When welding 304 stainless steel, choosing the right welding material is crucial for optimal results. Here are some considerations.
Type 308 Welding Material
- Use type 308 welding material for welding 304 stainless steel.
- The additional elements in 308 stainless steel help stabilize the weld area.
308L as an Alternative
- 308L is a suitable choice as well.
- The "L" signifies low carbon content (≤0.03%), reducing the tendency for intergranular corrosion.
Advantages of L-Type Welding Materials
- L-type welding consumables are preferred due to their low carbon content.
- The reduced carbon content minimizes the risk of intergranular corrosion (Figure 1).
Consideration for GMAW Welding Method
- For manufacturers using the GMAW welding method, 3XXSi type welding materials are recommended.
- Silicon (Si) improves wettability, especially useful for high bulge or poorly connected weld pools (Figure 2).
Carbide Precipitation Concerns
If carbide precipitation is a concern, consider using a 347-type welding material containing a small amount of Nb element.
Welding Stainless Steel to Carbon Steel
Corrosion-Resistant Layer on Carbon Steel
To reduce costs, some structural parts are welded with a corrosion-resistant layer on carbon steel surfaces.
Balancing Alloy Content
When welding base alloys with or without alloying elements, use a welding alloy with higher alloy content to balance dilution rates in the weld.
309L for Dissimilar Materials
- When welding carbon steel to stainless steel (e.g., 304 or 316), consider using 309L welding consumables.
- For higher Cr content requirements, type 312 can be used (Table 2).
Thermal Expansion Considerations
- Note the higher thermal expansion rate of austenitic stainless steel compared to carbon steel.
- The difference in thermal expansion rates can cause internal stress leading to cracks (Figure 3).
Compensating for Thermal Expansion
Choose appropriate welding materials or specify the correct welding process to compensate for warpage deformation due to different thermal expansion rates.
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